Sunday, December 29, 2019

Biofuels The Best Alternative For Fossil Fuels Essay

For over forty years now, scientists and researchers have been tirelessly searching for an alternative to fossil fuels. Biofuels have become an interesting contender in the search for the replacement of the non-renewable energy source. Biofuels have been used throughout history for over thousands of years. There is a large debate over biofuels and its true impact on the environment. Those involved in the discussion debating whether biofuels have any real overwhelming benefits compared to fossil fuels could argue for its usage. According to recent research performed by the University of Michigan, biofuels may not be the best alternative for fossil fuels. Regardless of its impact on the environment, biofuels are becoming more popular particularly when the price of oil rises. Biofuels are fuels made from biomass, which is the organic physical material of an organism that is or was alive. Biomasses can be separated into two categories - liquids and solids. Liquid biomass fuels include biodiesel and ethanol. Solids include charcoal, garbage, wood, and manure. The majority of organic matter contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, the same elements that make up fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. Biomass can be burned as is or converted into a different fuel that burns more efficiently. The use of biomass for fuel is not a new idea, as humans long ago used whatever could help them survive. Solid biofuels like wood, manure, and charcoal have been used ever since man discoveredShow MoreRelatedBiofuels Vs. Fossil Fuels1622 Words   |  7 Pages Biofuels vs. Fossil Fuels (David Ross, 2005) Carbon dioxide, the chief byproduct of fossil fuel combustion, is a potent greenhouse gas that remains in the atmosphere indefinitely. In the U.S., the burning of coal for electricity pumps more than 2.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year, according to the Energy Information Administration. People ask what about the cars? How do they affect the environment? The average American passenger car spits out 11,450 pounds ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Fossil Fuels On The Environment1252 Words   |  6 PagesAll over the world, people have been stuck on using fossil fuels. This addiction has been ongoing for the past century as the primary source of energy. Global usage of fossil fuels which include oil, coal, and natural gas, is now producing mass amounts of greenhouse emissions within our atmosphere. Such a series of events have cascaded into changes that are currently effecting the earth on multiple levels. Several of these effects are, but are not limited t o: earth’s sea levels rising every yearRead MoreRenewable Sources of Energy1155 Words   |  5 PagesBiofuel is Fuel produced from renewable resources, especially plant biomass, vegetable oils, and treated municipal and industrial wastes. Every time we drive in a vehicle we are using nonrenewable resources that are bad for the environment. Using gasoline or diesel release chemicals called green house gasses into the environment. Because of theses harmful chemicals people have started to use biofuels. There are two types of biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel. Biofuel is Fuel produced from renewableRead MoreBiofuels : A Clean Alternative For Fossil Fuels?1737 Words   |  7 PagesBiofuels: A clean alternative to fossil fuels? Biofuels, like fossil fuels are hydrocarbons made from a living or once lived organism that humans can use to power something and uses biological carbon fixation, a process that takes inorganic carbon and converts it into organic compounds (Wikipedia). However, unlike fossil fuels, which can take millions of years to form, biofuels are produced in a short period of time such as days, weeks, or months. Because humans have been burning fossil fuelsRead More101 Biofuel s Future Of The U.s.1325 Words   |  6 Pagesthe major problems confronting the United States and the World today, is the growing lack of fossil fuels and the accrual emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. The United States is still dependent on fossil fuels today such as coal despite numerous efforts to decrease that dependency, and are also relying on imported oil from multiple foreign countries particularly in the Middle East. The use of fossil fuel has generated great anxiety in greenhouse gas emissions and governments from all over theRead MoreBiofuel and The Racing Industry Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pages The billion dollar racing industry uses high-octane fossil fuels for competition. Lately, ecologists and governments have begun to highlight the need for the racing industry to switch from high-octane fuels to biofuels. The concern for preserving diesel fuels stems from its non-renewal in nature; however, the racing industry should not be forced to use biofuels because of three primary reasons – performance, cost effectiveness and high infrastructure expenditure. The ecologists are of the opinionRead MoreAll Biofuels Are Not Created Equal by David Tilman and Jason Hill818 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"All Biofuels Are Not Created Equal† is a very informative article that everyone should be aware of. The authors of this article show how biofuels can be made to benefit Earth. Our ecological footprint is so big that everyone requires 2.5 Earths to maintain the same lifestyle. What does this reveal? It reveals that Earth’s resources are being diminished. This means that the world needs to do something to prevent this so Earth can last for future generations. The way that biofuels are being made isRead MoreA Term Paper On Energy Storage Systems Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pages A TERM PAPER ON BIOFUELS OLUCHUKWU C. OBINEGBO BLACKBOARD ID: oluchukwu1.obinegbo STUDENT ID #: 3002661138 COURSE NUMBER: EEL 4930 LECTURER-IN-CHARGE: DR JIM P. ZHENG EXECUTIVE SUMMARY After the discovery of electricity, effective and efficient methods have been sought to store energy for use on demand. Over the last century, industries which work towards the effective storage of energy have been evolving and adapting to change in energy requirements and advances in technology.Read MoreEssay Biodiesel vs. Ethanol1076 Words   |  5 Pagesvs. Ethanol Both biodiesel and ethanol are derivatives of biomass that have been processed to create a liquid biofuel. Both types of biofuels have been touted as secure and environmentally safe alternatives to fossil fuels, however the research verifying these claims is extensive but often contradicting. In the following paper, the efficiency and quality of the two types of biofuel will be discussed. The effects of variables such as source materials and production techniques on efficiency andRead MoreProspects Of An Automotive Fuel Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCT1ON 1.1. TITLE OF THESIS PROSPECTS OF 2, 5 DIMETHYL FURAN AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL 1.2 . Overview of Topic Although there are only some biomass-derived fuels which are comparable to fossil fuels, the scientific investigate society has never ceased to look for renewable biofuel alternative. Used for the transportation sector, a useful biofuel must: †¢ be formed cheaply and proficiently †¢ have a comparatively high energy density, in both volume and weight, in order to reach

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Erik Erikson Was An Ego Psychologist Who Emphasized The

Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego. He developed a theory of psychosocial stages where he believed a crisis occurs at each of the eight stages of development. Erik Erikson was influenced by Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego, but unlike Freud, Erikson believed that the ego develops as a result of successfully resolving crises in eight distinct stages that expand a lifetime. Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy ego, however, failure to complete each stage results in an unhealthy view of one’s self. â€Å"Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and†¦show more content†¦When they are successful at these tasks, they begin to feel a sense of accomplishment and their self-esteem increases while failure at a task increases a sense of inferiority or incompetence† (Licht, 2014, p. 360). This is the stage where emphasis is often placed on academic and athletic performance, and where peers become more significant to a child’s self-esteem. During Erickson’s fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, peer and social interactions determine whether a child’s sense of self will develop in an industry or an inferior direction. A child’s self-esteem is based on whether peer or adult interaction will positively or negatively affect specific aspect of their emotional growth (psychological growth). Erickson’s fourth stage of industry versus inferiority impacts the development of identity the most when children are struggling to learn new concepts and moral responsibilities and when they start to realize the importance of school and friendships. As children grow older, school and social interactions start to play a bigger role in forming their self-concept of themselves. Social interactions help children develop pride in their accomplishments and abilities. When children are younger their interactions are mainly with family members and caregivers, but as they grow up their friends start to influ ence them much more. â€Å"During the elementary school years, the child who has successfully resolved the crises of the earlier stages is ready toShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 Pageslife stories of different psychologists , he provide a real recollection of life stories and narrative approaches that recent researcher and theories have apply to understand human behavior. This article integrates recent theories and researchers of life stories as illustrated the investigation of self-understanding, personal memory, personality structure and change, and the relations between the personal lives and cultural. The article provides a numero us of psychologist stories and the contributionsRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1408 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson’s Development theory Erik Erikson’s was born June 15, 1902, in southern Germany, His Jewish mother Karla Abrahamsen and to biological father, who was on unnamed Darnish man. Erikson’s biological abandoned him before he was born. Erikson was brought up by his mother and stepfather, Theodor Homberger, who was Erikson’s pediatrician. He never knew the true identity of his biological father. He always was in search of his identity; Erikson’s search for identity took him through someRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreThe Stages Of Ericksons Theory Of Erik Erikson837 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper I’m going to introduce you to the theory of an ego psychologist called Erik Erikson. Erikson emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, (. Erik h. erikson). Erikson also believed that as the ego develops people can learn to fix more problems that occur in social relationships. Like Freud, Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each previous stage. â€Å"However he did not focus onRead MoreThe Eight Stages Of Personality Growth1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe eight stages of personality growth. Erik Erikson an ego psychologist created a theory on personality development evolution that states it is a continuous process through the lifetime of an individual. Erikson suggested culture also plays an essential role in a society s perception and consideration of normal and considered abnormal. Erikson (1950, 1963), does not speak about psychosexual Stages as Freud, though influenced Freudian ideas. Erikson broadens on Freudian thoughts by focusingRead MoreAdolescence Is The Time Of Development Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesreasoning and morality. Kids who find themselves in this stage begin to do more complex thinking; their minds progress from concrete operations such as combining, separating, and ordering to reasoning and comparing ideas and point of views. It is also at this stage that the social development of kids begin. Kids around the age of twelve begin to form their identity. They begin to look for relationships where they can reside and find their sense of self. As Erik Erikson describes, they begin to experienceRead MoreEssay on Freud V Erickson1371 Words   |  6 Pages Sigmund Freud is probably the most familiar name that comes to mind when one thinks of famous psychologists. Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia in 1856, but when he was four years old his family moved to Vienna, where Freud was to live and work until the last year of his life. The scope of Freuds interests, and of his professional training, was very broad - he always considered himself first and foremost a scientist, endeavoring to extend the compass of human knowledge, and to this end, ratherRead MoreErik Homburger Erikson s Life1864 Words   |  8 PagesErik Homburger Erikson was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on June 15, 1902. Erik’s parents were both Danish. Erik’s father abandoned his mother, Karla Abrahamsen before Erikson was born. Karla raised Erikson alone for the first three years of his life in Frankfurt until she remarried Erikson’s pediatrician, Dr. Theodore Homburger. Karla and Theodore moved to Karlsruhe in southern Germany and raised Erikson . Erikson went by Erik Homburger as a child and young adult until he eventually changedRead MorePersepolis Assignment1402 Words   |  6 PagesPersepolis that Iran, an â€Å"old and great civilization[,] has been discussed mostly in connection with fundamentalism, fanaticism, and terrorism.† She expresses that, â€Å"as an Iranian who has lived more than half of [her] life in Iran, [she] know[s] that this image is far from the truth. This is why writing Persepolis was so important to [her]. [She] believe[s] that an entire nation should not be judged by the wrongdoings of a few extremists.† Although Satrapi hopes to convince her mostly Westernized

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Security and Privacy Issues in Big Data Analytics †Myassignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about theSecurity and Privacy Issues in Big Data Analytics. Answer: Introduction: Everything in todays technological world is incomplete without data. Innovation in technology has altered the very definition of information and its aspects. Data is the raw and unprocessed form of information. Big Data is a term used to define the heaps of data used to analyze patterns and other statistical information for strategical purpose in variety of organizations. Data mining technology and its advancements has brought a revolution and is the genesis of Big Data (Kshetri 2014). It has its advantages and challenges. Big Data and its analysis has quite a number of challenges that are to be faced to keep it secure and private for the use of targeted entities. In this review, the concerns and its remedies are discussed in relation with the Big Data and its security in the network. Discussion of every aspect of security of Big Data analysis is provided in a very precise manner. Basis of Big Data Big Data technology is different from the previously data mining and processing techniques. It allows larger amount of data to be processed at one time. This technique differs in three ways from the previous methods such as the conversion and transmission rate of data, types of data that is processed and the amount of data to be processed. This technology is advanced in way so that it can connect and accept data from different sources and in different formats. Analysis of data helps the organizations to make deductions, draw conclusions and predict market behavior. Cloud computing has also proven to be a vital platform for the storage, processing and collection of data (Moura and Serro 2016). It is much easier to mine data available on the cloud because it is connected to the internet. The success of Big Data can be credited by the software Apache Hadoop. This software platforms helps Big Data to be collected and stored in clusters which makes it easier to process and analyze. It is scalable to use as it can access thousands of severs and its threads from one system (Moreno, Serrano and Fernndez-Medina 2016). Systematic Study of Mapping Mapping study of the software is done in four stages that gives a comprehensive idea of how the data is scaled thorough different systems in a network of systems. The phases involved are:- Questions of research: During the exploration of questioning methods it is found that issues related to objectives and other security dimensions are adhered to in some methodologies developed previously to counter these problems (Moreno, Serrano and Fernndez-Medina 2016). Methods of research: Different online libraries are searched and are used as methods. These libraries are Digital Library of IEEE, ACM, and SCOPUS. Analysis of data: Data that is collected from different sources and filtered on certain parameters so that it can result in the targeted statistic development. Data Interpretation: The data that is mined and processed is used for interpretation by different organizations and for different processes (Moreno, Serrano and Fernndez-Medina 2016). Concern of Privacy in Data Mining: In spite of the advancements and features provided by the data mining technology, many technocrats are quite concerned about the security of this amount of large data, its privacy and its application. A heap of data contains many types of private data of the individuals that can prove detrimental to the people if leaked of made public. In acquiring these types of data, unauthorized access is done and undesirable procurement is executed. In this process the privacy of an individual in breached without his consent which calls for a serious issue of data security. To deal with such an issue a new technology in compliance with data mining has been developed which is privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) (Kshetri 2014). This technology aims at non-disclosure of data and to retain the application of data in the desired manner.There are two aspects of PPDM in data security. One deals with the privacy of sensitive individuals data such as social security number, bank details user id and pass words. Another one deals with the analytical results of the large amount of data whose leakage can lead to serious security consequences (Xu et al. 2014). According to Xu et al. (2014), privacy protection and its approaches are as follows: Access Limitation: Data acquired by the collector is done in active and passive way. In the active way collection of data is done by filling a form of surveying which is done by the data collector itself. But in passive way data collector can gather it during the routine activities of the provider. Privacy of Trade and Benefit: In some cases the data provider compromises the security for the benefits of data transaction to a concerned collector. For future benefits and ease of business data is traded to a trustworthy collector. Availability of False Data: There are trust issues with some data collectors about their intentions to use the data. To protect data from getting misused data provides give false information to the collectors to protect the interests of individuals. Information Security Issues in Big Data Increased risk of leakage of information: Data range and coverage in cyber space is unfathomable. Increased number of social networking sites and email services has exponentially increased the amount of data. As these details are personal, risk of leakage is huge. In data mining different types of data such as business transactions, classified government records. Two very important facets of information is derived from sources such as personal data and national data. Personal data can cause damage to individuals or group of persons in a very effective way. Data mining and Big Data provides innumerable facilities to the consumers and people using technology but can also cause grievous consequences if leaked or got in wrong hands (Thayananthan and Albeshri 2015). Personal information such as house address, telephone number, credit card details, emails accounts, passwords and one time passwords are some that can be exemplified. Leakage of these information can cause serious economic con sequences to the affected person. Coming to the national security issue related with the data one can observe that automation of all the government agencies has been done rapidly. Due to this, government records and sensitive information is uploaded on the internet which automatically makes it vulnerable to leakage and disclosure. Defense records and other data of various departments are available for the taking to hackers and interested parties. This raises serious concern on the front of national security (Mengke et al. 2016). Security Management of Big Data Platforms According to Mengke et al. (2016), security platform of big data can be divided into five layers that are listed below: Storage of data Processing of data Big Data Interface Big Data Security management Application security of big data These five layers of Big Data Security also includes the application of the collected data. Cloud Computing in Synchronization with Big Data As discussed above, Big Data contains variety of data from sources that are very much valuable to be oozed out in the hands of unwanted sources. Big data combined with cloud computing mechanisms are distributed in different layers. These layers are of application, hardware, network, business process, database and operation. Moreover, cloud computing provides its certain privileged assistance in the face of elastic storage, elastic computing, elastic networks, BPaaS, virtualization and AaaS. These processes and methods assists Big Data with the following facilities of faster decision making, Cost of DB License, Running of simulations, Scaling in and out, Reducing intensity of IT and running of environments (Gholami and Laure 2016). Data Security Concerns and Remedies in Cloud Computing As per Ahmed and Saeed (2014) Cloud computing structure that deals with the Big Data comprises of three stages: Modeling: This model counters with the data-leakage and other attacks of the cyber space which targets the most vulnerable points of the storage. Analysis: This is done to figure out the possibilities to avoid threats that have been made before. Implementation: Application of the security models in the structure of cloud. Cloud computing has certain security mechanisms that are mentioned as follows: Security of Infrastructure: a) Secured Computations in the Frameworks of Distributed Programming. b) Best security methods for non-relational databases. Data Privacy: a) Preserving of Private Data in analysis and mining. b) Data security center based on cryptography. c) Granular Access Control. Management of Data: a) Secure Transaction logs and secure data storage. b) Granular Audits. c) Provenance of Data. Reactive Security and Integrity. A) Last-mile validation and filtering. b) Monitoring of security in real-time. Recent Development of Privacy and Security in Big Data Certain core technologies have been developed to provide security and privacy to Big Data: Polymorphic Detection of code of JavaScript to defend from APT Attacks: The author of this detection techniques establishes that this method detects malicious software and malware attacksusing suitable graphs as they have a certain relationship. The patterns thus created are recognized by a classifier known as Support Vector Machine. This classifier distinguishes between normal and malicious software (Yu, Mu and Ateniese 2015). An algorithm set based on Identification of fault in Wireless Mesh Network: An algorithm by the name of A-SRS is a very efficient method for positioning of malicious routers in communication with other routers in the mesh network. It also ensures connection with available network services and also tracks the least number of detecting routers due to presence of less numbers of routers present in the mesh. Procedure of user equipment registration in the networks that are Femto-cell enabled: Equipment registered with the process in this specific network is prone to denial-of-service attacks. For the compatibility of the network, the given mechanism uses the standard of 3GPP (Yu, Mu and Ateniese 2015). Trackable encryption with Public-key with Data Sharing for Cloud Storage in mobile:Mainly the public-key encryption is used in data storage and transfer from mobile cloud. Asymmetric-key protocol is applied in transferring of data. Hierarchical Structure of Attributes: This method is used to obtain access control systems of fine grained nature. This is based on symmetric fine-tuned encryption that is attribute-based. Public Auditing Scheme for Cloud Storage of Data: Other auditing protocols are not sound in achieving a desired level of privacy of the data. Even after deleting all the files of a data provider the malicious program continues to run on the cloud server. This protocol is weak even in the accurate security model. Issues in Big Data Analysis Heterogeneity and Incompleteness: When it come for a man to deal with a variety of data to be compiled by a human brain it is comfortably accepted. But in the case of computation by the algorithms from a system, homogeneous data is of much greater choice. As it is a requirement of analysis for the data to be scaled and structured before given as an input for compilation. It can be observed that in Big Data, the sources of information are very diverse and complex. For ease of access for the analytics and to design a specific algorithm data of similar nature is required (Subaira, Gayathri and Sindhujaa 2016). Scale: Size of the Big Data is of much concern as there must be a limitation of data size. Analysis of data can only be done up to some extent otherwise it will be very difficult for the designer of algorithms to put in the parameters. Big Data in itself denotes that the size of data will be huge but there has to be an estimation and a restriction of how big the data will be. Speed: Time taken by a mechanism to analyze the Big Data is also a matter of concern as any procedure is to be completed within a time frame. Time taken is also dependent on the size of the data as each and every bit of data needs to go through the same process. Complexity of data also determines the time of analysis (Yu, Mu and Ateniese, G. 2015). Conclusion: From the above review, it can be established that Big Data and its analytics has certain issues that needs to be taken care of for the security and privacy of consumers. A lot can be at stake if the data used for storage and analysis gets leaked or disclosed. The privacy issues and steps taken to remove the problems are stated in the review that will provide solution for some major issues. Since internet is an open arena for everyone, it is highly unlikely to assume that the data can be completely secured. There are many entities who can breach the security of data if intended to. The review also states the collaboration of cloud computing techniques with Big Data and how it affects the storage, collection and analysis of the Big Data. It has proved to be the base on which Big Data technology has advanced its features to some extent. Since the cloud computing supports Big Data, security of cloud is also of utmost importance. It has certain security mechanism of its own which are disc ussed above. Size of Big Data, time taken for analysis of the data and application of data in personal and public uses are also discussed in details. Thus it can be concluded that this cocktail of technology is turning tables in the recent IT segment. Recommendations: Research works regarding this topic can be done more efficiently by targeting a Big Data Analytical company based on Cloud Computing. The real-time observations of problems that occur in the data collection, storage and analysis can be done with greater transparency. Taking a test subject of a Big Data division, each and every facet of security breach can be applied and tested for its resilience so that other problems and weak spots of the security mechanism can be clearly identified. References: Ahmed, E.S.A. and Saeed, R.A., 2014. A Survey of Big Data Cloud Computing Security.International Journal of Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJCSSE),3(1), pp.78-85. Gholami, A. and Laure, E., 2016. Big data security and privacy issues in the cloud.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications (IJNSA), Issue January. Kshetri, N., 2014. Big data s impact on privacy, security and consumer welfare.Telecommunications Policy,38(11), pp.1134-1145. Mengke, Y., Xiaoguang, Z., Jianqiu, Z. and Jianjian, X., 2016. Challenges and solutions of information security issues in the age of big data.China Communications,13(3), pp.193-202. Moreno, J., Serrano, M.A. and Fernndez-Medina, E., 2016. Main Issues in Big Data Security.Future Internet,8(3), p.44. Moura, J. and Serro, C., 2016. Security and privacy issues of big data.arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.06206. Subaira, A. S., Gayathri, R. and Sindhujaa, N., 2016, January. Security Issues and Challenges in Big Data Analysis International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 6(2), pp. 530-536 Thayananthan, V. and Albeshri, A., 2015. Big Data Security Issues Based on Quantum Cryptography and Privacy with Authentication for Mobile Data Center.Procedia Computer Science,50, pp.149-156. Xu, L., Jiang, C., Wang, J., Yuan, J. and Ren, Y., 2014. Information security in big data: privacy and data mining.IEEE Access,2, pp.1149-1176. Yu, Y., Mu, Y. and Ateniese, G. 2015. Recent advances in security and privacy in big data. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 21(3), 365-368.